Physical Education
Hossein Samadi; Mohammad Seyedahmadi; Mohammadreza Sadeghian shahi; Jalil Moradi
Abstract
Background: The use of anabolic steroids is increasing in athletes due to body beauty and performance enhancement and is one of the major public health problems. The aim of study was to compare the characteristics of five major personality factors in male bodybuilding and fitness athletes with and without ...
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Background: The use of anabolic steroids is increasing in athletes due to body beauty and performance enhancement and is one of the major public health problems. The aim of study was to compare the characteristics of five major personality factors in male bodybuilding and fitness athletes with and without the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids.Materials and Methods: The research was practical in terms of purpose and in terms of strategy, it is a descriptive causal-comparative description. The statistical population of the present study included all male bodybuilding and fitness athletes in Yazd province. 105 athletes (50 with a history of use and 55 with no history of steroid use) with an age range of 18 to 48 years and at least two years of sports experience were selected as availabe. The instrument used was the personality questionnaire NEO-FFI. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results: The results showed athletes who use steroids have a higher score in the dimension of neuroticism and a lower score in the dimensions of extraversion, openness, adaptation and conscientiousness score than athletes who didnot use steroids. The results showed significant differences in the components of neuroticism (P=0/013), extraversion (P=0/02), adaptation (P=0/04) and conscientiousness (P=0/01). however, the difference between the components of openness to experience was not significant (P=0/26).Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant difference between bodybuilding and fitness athletes with and without the use of anabolic steroids in the personality dimensions of neuroticism, extroversion, adaptability and conscientiousness.
Hossein Samadi; Fateme Sadat Hoseini; Reza Bidaki
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 724-731
Abstract
Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable ...
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Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable physiological marker of shooter's competition stress and their sport performance.Methods & Materials This study was a quasi-experimental study by pretest-posttest design with a control group. Statistical group comprised all men shooter athletes with an age range of 17-22 years in Yazd Province. To do this test, 16 male elite shooters were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (8 in each). We used salivary cortisol kit (Germany IBL company model RE 52611 model) to evaluate amount of precompetition stress and special forms to evaluated sport performance. We used the Independent t test to compare performance score and repeated measure of ANOVA for comparison of salivary cortisol concentration in experimental and control group. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20. Results The findings showed significant reduction in salivary cortisol concentration and significant increase in sport performance in experimental group in comparison with the control group after 6 weeks of mindfulness training. Conclusion The results suggest that mindfulness training can be uses as a new and promised method in reduction of shooter's precompetition stress and enhancing their sport performance.
Fahimeh Keayvanlou; Mohammad Seyedahmadi; Zeynab Farrokh; Hossein Samadi; Mohsen koshan; Mehdi khalil arjmandi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 272-279
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Many factors affect the learning of motor skills، one of which is the arrangement pattern of exercises، which can affect the stability and development of a generalized practice schedules and parameterizing the movements. The current research was performed to monitor the effect ...
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Background and Purpose: Many factors affect the learning of motor skills، one of which is the arrangement pattern of exercises، which can affect the stability and development of a generalized practice schedules and parameterizing the movements. The current research was performed to monitor the effect of different practice schedules on learning and transfer of generalized motor program in a serial task.
Methods and Materials: This experimental study involved the population of male right-handed university students at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman، Iran. Therefore، 80 participants (age range of 19-23 years old) were randomly allocated into four groups: blocked، random، blocked-random and random-blocked. The test included performance of serial tasks with different generalized motor schedules (spatial dimension variance) and variable timing parameter. The participants took part after pre-test phase and accomplishing 108 trial exercises according to practice group in retention and transfer tests. When different tests were performed، amount of relative timing errors (measure of consistency and proficiency of generalized motor program) were calculated. For data analysis، descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey test) were used in SPSS 16 (p0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that the blocked exercises caused a better performance at the acquisition level. However، different patterns caused a similar effect on the performance of participants at the levels of learning and transfer in a serial task.
MohammadJavad Namazi; Gholamreza Javadi; Mohammadhasan Shahhoseini; Jamileh Nowruzi; Seyyed Hosein Shahcheraghi; Hosein Samadi; Seyyed Hadi Shahcheraghi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September and October 2010, , Pages 196-206
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Among Bacilli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis are important and the latter causes anthrax. Toxin production in this bacillus is carried out by pxo1 gene and associated plasmid. Research has recently shown that this gene can transfer to other bacilli ...
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Background and Purpose: Among Bacilli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis are important and the latter causes anthrax. Toxin production in this bacillus is carried out by pxo1 gene and associated plasmid. Research has recently shown that this gene can transfer to other bacilli too. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of pxo1 gene in bacilli other than Bacillus anthracis, so that they can be safely used in producing vaccines against anthrax. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 65 soil samples were collected from different geographical regions in Iran, and the organisms were isolated from the soil. Proteins isolated from bacilli were examined by SDS-PAGE technique, and the limits of coded proteins by pxo1 gene were specifically located. The data were summarized in Excel using figures and tables. Results: Based on the results, 13 out of 38 bacilli showed protein bands in the proteins coded by pxo1 gene, and all were from cereus family. Conclusion: In Iran, pxo1 plasmid has transferred from Bacillus anthracis to 13 bacilli isolated from Bacillus cereus.